The Effect of Workload on Employee Performance with Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) and Work Stress as Mediation and Leadership Support as Moderation

This study investigates the impact of workload on employee performance within the West Kalimantan Regional Religious Court, incorporating Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and work stress as mediating variables and leadership support as a moderating variable. The study responds to the prevalent issue of disproportionate workloads among Indonesian civil servants, intensified by bureaucratic reforms and digital transformation. Utilizing a quantitative explanatory approach, data were collected from 173 employees through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that workload significantly increases OCB and work stress, while OCB positively influences employee performance and effectively mediates the relationship between workload and performance. Contrary to prior studies, workload has no direct effect on performance, work stress does not significantly influence performance, and leadership support does not moderate the effect of workload on performance. The integration of the Resource-Based View (RBV) offers a novel theoretical contribution by positioning OCB, stress management, and leadership as strategic intangible resources within public sector institutions. Practically, the results underscore the need for organizations to foster OCB and manage workload not only as a risk factor but as a potential catalyst for positive employee behavior. The study also calls for reevaluation of leadership strategies in addressing performance outcomes under high workloads. Future research should explore contextual moderators and employ longitudinal designs to assess the sustainability of OCB-driven performance under persistent workload conditions.