Self-Efficacy and Innovation Performance in The Contemporary Workplace: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda

Abstract

Innovation performance has become a critical factor for organisational sustainability in an era of rapid digital transformation and global competition. However, the extent to which employees translate psychological resources into innovative outcomes remains insufficiently understood. This study aims to examine the relationships among self-efficacy, proactive change behaviour, and innovation performance through a systematic synthesis of existing literature. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework to identify, screen, and analyse relevant peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025. Data were collected from Scopus-indexed journals and analysed using thematic synthesis to explore theoretical foundations, empirical findings, and research gaps. The results indicate that self-efficacy consistently plays a significant role in enhancing employees' confidence, motivation, and persistence in performing work tasks. However, self-efficacy alone does not directly lead to innovation performance. Instead, proactive change behaviour emerges as a crucial mediating mechanism that translates psychological resources into innovation-related actions. The discussion further highlights that most existing studies focus on direct relationships, while limited attention has been given to behavioural pathways and contextual factors. In conclusion, innovation performance is optimally achieved when self-efficacy is supported by proactive employee behaviour within enabling organisational environments. This study contributes by integrating fragmented literature and offering a conceptual foundation for future empirical research and managerial practices aimed at enhancing employee-driven innovation.