359
American Journal of Economic and
Management Business
e-ISSN: 2835-5199
Vol. 2 No. 9 September 2023
ENTREPRENEURIAL MANAGEMENT FOR STUDENTS
Muhammad Najmu Tsaqib, Muhamad Nasir
Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional, Indonesia
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
Entrepreneurship is one of the important pillars in the Indonesian economy.
Entrepreneurship can create jobs, increase competitiveness, and boost economic growth.
Students are one of the groups that have the potential to become entrepreneurs. Students
have high enthusiasm and creativity, and have access to technology and information. The
purpose of this study is to examine entrepreneurial management for students. This study
used qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques in this study were carried
out with literature studies. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three
stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results showed that
the skills and knowledge needed by students to start and manage a business include
technical skills, managerial skills, and entrepreneurial skills. Effective methods and
approaches in providing entrepreneurial education and training to students include case-
based methods, project-based methods, and simulation-based methods. Entrepreneurial
education and training can equip students with the skills and knowledge needed to start
and manage a business.
Keywords: Management, Entrepreneur, Student
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
International
INTRODUCTION
Entrepreneurship is a crucial foundation in Indonesia's economic structure.
Entrepreneurship refers to individuals who establish, manage, and develop a business or
business with the aim of creating added value, obtaining profits, and managing associated
risks. The responsibilities of an entrepreneur include identifying business opportunities,
pooling resources, overcoming obstacles, and operating business activities (Saniwari &;
Iqbal, 2018).
The role of entrepreneurship not only has an impact on job creation, but also
enriches competitiveness and encourages economic growth. In the business ecosystem,
the existence of entrepreneurs reflects innovation, creativity, and the spirit of
development that drives the pace of a country's economy. Not only as a provider of
employment, entrepreneurs also inspire the development of new sectors, trigger increased
productivity, and play a key role in a sustainable economy (Prasetyo, 2020).
Students are a group that has the potential to become entrepreneurs. Students are
often driven by passion and creativity as well as good access to technology and
information. In the campus environment, students are given the opportunity to develop
American Journal of Economic and Management Business
Vol. 2 No. 9 September 2023
360
innovative ideas, gain business insights, and explore new business opportunities. Support
from educational institutions, entrepreneurship training, and access to campus networks
and resources help students realize their entrepreneurial ideas.
Previous research by (Amaranti et al., 2018) examined the improvement of
entrepreneurial management skills for street vendors in the UNISBA campus
environment, this study shows that initial observations show that the way they trade does
not change over time, even though they have been selling for years or even decades. Very
simple business management causes the business not to develop significantly. This
community service activity aims to improve the entrepreneurial management skills of
these street vendors so that they can manage their businesses better and their businesses
can grow significantly. This community service is carried out by providing training and
assistance on business management, including production management, simple financial
management, production management, and marketing. The results of this activity showed
that there was an increase in traders' understanding of how to manage their business and
most of the trainees were satisfied with the implementation of the training.
Another study by (Ramlan &; Nikmat, 2019) examines a strategic management
approach in increasing student entrepreneurial interest through the student creativity-
entrepreneurship program, this study shows that to create a Student Creativity Program,
if they do not have a creative idea, students can do an ATM system (Observe, Imitate,
and Modify). The concept or idea of PKM does not have to be complicated, the important
thing is that it can be useful for the wider community, discuss global issues that are now
happening and raise local wisdom. In addition, encouragement and guidance from
accompanying lecturers can help develop students' creative ideas. The provision of a
meeting forum in the form of entrepreneurial seminars will be able to arouse student
entrepreneurial interest. The provision of information about PKM from students is
urgently needed. In addition to creative ideas, competencies are also needed for the
smooth running of the Student Creativity Program, especially in the field of
entrepreneurship.
The absence of research that examines entrepreneurial management for students is
a novelty in this study. The implications of the research objectives that examine
entrepreneurial management for students will open further understanding of the needs and
preparation needed to equip students with entrepreneurial skills and knowledge. The
results of this study can provide a clearer view of effective teaching models and the most
appropriate methods in conveying entrepreneurial skills and knowledge to students. The
purpose of this study is to examine entrepreneurial management for students.
.
RESEARCH METHODS
This study used qualitative research methods. According to (Sugiyono, 2018)
qualitative research methods are research methods based on philosophy used to research
in scientific conditions (experiments) where researchers as instruments, data collection
techniques and qualitative analysis emphasize meaning. Data collection techniques in this
study were carried out with literature studies obtained from Google Schoolar. Literature
study is a data collection method that involves searching the library and acquiring reading
materials, written documents, and references related to the research topic being carried
out (Khusaini, 2023). The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three stages,
namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusions.
Muhammad Najmu Tsaqib, Muhamad Nasir
361
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Business strategy is a model that links marketing strategy to strategic direction in
general. It maps product-market strategies–i.e., market penetration, product development,
market development and diversification – on matrices that show existing products versus
new products along one axis and existing markets versus new markets along another axis
(Putri, 2023). Strategic Management aims Isnaini (2022):
1. Implement and evaluate selected strategies effectively and efficiently.
2. Assess performance, review the situation, and make adjustments and corrections if
there are deviations in the implementation of the strategy.
3. Constantly update the strategy to align with changes in the external environment.
4. Re-evaluate existing business strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
5. Innovating products to always be in accordance with consumer preferences.
The benefit of Strategic Management is that it provides a framework for solving
strategic problems in the company, especially those related to competition. Thus,
managers are invited to think creatively and strategically (Sidiq, 2015). The magnitude
of this benefit is also utilized in the national news mass media. National News is
broadcast in various forms of media such as television, radio and the focus of research
this time is national news on online news sites (Lestari et al., 2018).
An online news site is an online platform where actual information is presented
in various formats, such as articles, videos, images, and text, which can be accessed
by users over the internet. Online news sites provide news reports on current events
from various fields such as politics, economics, entertainment, sports, health, and other
topics. Its existence allows internet users to access information and stay up to date
regarding The growth of entrepreneurship in a country cannot be separated from the
role of universities that are responsible for educating and providing entrepreneurial
abilities to their graduates and providing motivation to dare to choose entrepreneurship
as their career. Higher education institutions need to apply concrete entrepreneurial
learning patterns based on empirical input to equip students with meaningful
knowledge in order to encourage students' enthusiasm for entrepreneurship (Sudirman
et al, 2018). The university is responsible for educating its students and providing
motivation so that they dare to be entrepreneurial. Higher education as a provider of
entrepreneurial facilities, will not achieve its goal in producing graduates who are
entrepreneurial if it is not accompanied by interest arising in students. Thus, the
problem faced by universities is how to foster entrepreneurial interest in students so
that the career choice they choose after graduating is as entrepreneurs (Rahayu, 2018).
Students themselves can be defined as individuals who are studying at the
university level, both public and private or other institutions at the same level as
universities (Fahmayanti, 2016). Entrepreneurship programs at universities can
provide great value benefits from scientific concepts, meaning that it directly motivates
the academic community through the entrepreneurial spirit that is perceived with the
values contained in entrepreneurship can shape creative, innovative ways of thinking,
American Journal of Economic and Management Business
Vol. 2 No. 9 September 2023
362
in motivating independence (Rahayu &; Laela, 2019). Some of the knowledge that
entrepreneurs must have include:
1. Knowledge of the business to be pioneered.
2. Knowledge of roles and responsibilities.
3. Knowledge of business management and organization.
Therefore, the entrepreneurial spirit must be raised since the lecture period, so
that it can be trained and become a new organization as a new option for students
before or after graduation. Entrepreneurial development has now touched almost all
faculty units of various disciplines, so it is expected to extend to study programs that
touch all fields in universities and not only in economics and business faculties.
According to Chang and Rieple in Ari Irawan &; Muoyadi (2016) that there are
4 dimensions of entrepreneurial skills, namely:
First technical tkills. A number of successful entrepreneurs have competence in
managing operations, beyond the basis of product or service production. This includes
the ability to manage supply chains and have knowledge of new technologies.
Second, Management Skills. These skills include planning and organizing,
identifying customers and distribution channels, managing resources and the ability to
organize in place and structure control systems. These skills include high-level skills,
such as problem-solving, the ability to build core skills and the ability to handle
employees effectively.
Third, Entrepreneurship skills. These skills include business planning,
sensitivity to opportunities, analysis of the business environment and ability to access
external expertise.
Fourth, Personal maturity skills. These skills include self-awareness, the ability
to reflect on what is happening, recognize and correct weaknesses, take responsibility
for solving problems and the ability to come up with solutions.
According to Rusdiana in Lubis (2018), in addition to providing abilities,
entrepreneurs also need to have knowledge and skills. The provision of knowledge that
entrepreneurs must have includes: 1) provision of knowledge about the business to be
pioneered and the existing business environment 2) provision of knowledge about
roles and responsibilities 3) provision of knowledge about business management and
organization. The skills that entrepreneurs must have include: 1) conceptual skills in
managing strategies and calculating risks, 2) creative skills in creating added value, 3)
skills in leading and managing, 4) communication and interaction skills, 5) business
engineering skills that will be carried out.
1. Technical Skills
Technical skills (hard skills) are skills needed by a worker to be able to do
work in their field. This ability is important to be mastered by a worker in doing his
job appropriately. With technical ability, a worker will be able to complete his work
in accordance with established quality standards (Anggroro et al, 2020). Technical
and reasoning abilities of students will be measured through solving problems that
require students' reasoning and technical abilities to solve them (Suryarini, 2009).
Muhammad Najmu Tsaqib, Muhamad Nasir
363
2. Managerial Skills
Managerial skills are a person's capacity in implementing human relations
and technical skills to carry out management functions of planning, organizing,
mobilizing, and supervising (Sugiyanto &; Ruknan, 2020). The characteristics of
the leader's managerial skills include having goals to be achieved, systematic,
coordinated, cooperative processes and integration in utilizing its elements, There
are two or more people who cooperate in an organization, based on the division of
labor, duties and responsibilities, covering several functions. Like most
management, the role of the leader is very decisive for the success of achieving
goals, because he is the person who controls the organization towards the goals to
be achieved (Rahayu, 2022).
As an implication of these managerial tasks, some things that need leaders
according to Sanjaya (2016) are;
a. Knowing the circumstances / conditions of subordinates / staff / employees in
the background of their environmental and socio-economic life, this is important
for their leadership actions.
b. Stimulate morale in a variety of ways.
c. Strive for the availability of facilities needed to develop the ability of
subordinates / staff.
d. Increase participation of all components in work life and culture.
e. Fostering a sense of family in the work environment
f. Expanding the institution's relationship with the community.
g. Entrepreneurial Skills
Good development of small entrepreneurial activity, is a basic factor for stable
economic development. Significant entrepreneurial growth is becoming a major goal
in many countries of the world due to good entrepreneurial growth of a country's
economic development. The positive impact of entrepreneurial activities on the
economy and affects a life and the quality of life they have (Rizky et al, 2023). So that
an entrepreneur needs to always innovate and think innovatively in taking advantage
of opportunities, one of the opportunities that can be taken by entrepreneurs is the
adoption of entrepreneurial skills (Rizan &; Utama, 2020). Lack of entrepreneurial
skills will make it difficult for an entrepreneur to facilitate his business because of lack
of capability and knowledge that will have an impact on his business performance
(Tehseen & Ramayah, 2015).
The results showed that the skills and knowledge needed by students to start and
manage a business include technical skills, managerial skills, and entrepreneurial
skills. Effective methods and approaches in providing entrepreneurial education and
training to students include case-based methods, project-based methods, and
simulation-based methods. Entrepreneurial education and training can equip students
with the skills and knowledge needed to start and manage a business.
American Journal of Economic and Management Business
Vol. 2 No. 9 September 2023
364
CONCLUSION
Entrepreneurial education and training in students plays an important role in
preparing them with the skills and knowledge necessary to start and manage a business
effectively. There are three categories of essential skills: technical, managerial, and
entrepreneurial skills. Technical skills refer to specific proficiency in a particular area, for
example in product or service development. Managerial skills involve the ability to
organize, plan, and manage resources. While entrepreneurial skills include creativity,
innovation, and the spirit of effort needed to start and run a business. Effective education
and training methods include case-based methods, which provide understanding through
real case scenarios, project-based methods, which allow hands-on experience in
developing business projects, and simulation-based methods, which introduce realistic
simulation situations in a business environment. Through this approach, students can be
prepared with a solid foundation of skills and knowledge to achieve success in
entrepreneurship.
REFERENCES
Amaranti, R., Nugraha, N., Nurrahman, A. A., &; Dzikron, M. (2018). Improvement of
entrepreneurial management skills for street vendors in the UNISBA campus
environment. ETHOS: Journal of Research and Community Service, 6(1), 146-152.
Anggoro, A. B., et al. (2020). Analysis of Student Perceptions of Technical Skills in the
Industrial Revolution Era 4.0. Journal of Fashion and Boga Technology. 8(2), 161-
165.
Fahmayanti, N. (2016). Motivation and Time Management in Student Entrepreneurs.
Psychoborneo. 4(4), 586-595.
Irawan, A., Mulyadi, H. (2016). The influence of entrepreneurial skills on business
success. Journal of Business Management and Entrepreneurship Education.
1(1):213-223.
Khusaini, F. (2023). Different types of literature research and case studies. Library
Research Methods, 25.
Lubis, P. K. D. (2018). The influence of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial
skills on the entrepreneurial motivation of economic education students of Medan
State University. Commerce. 7(2), 95-101.
Prasetyo, E. (2020). The Strategic Role of Entrepreneurship in Supporting the Four Track
Strategy Policy in Indonesia. Journal of Optimum Economics and Development,
10(1), 1-15.
Son, R., &; Ardiani, W. (2019). The Influence of Skills Possessed with Entrepreneurial
Interest on University of Harapan Medan Students. Journal of Management,
Economics and Business Applications. 4(1), 1-7.
Rahayu, K. P. (2018). Growing entrepreneurial intentions in management students of
Pamulang University. Marketing Management. 1(3), 125-135.
Rahayu, S. (2022). The influence of leadership behavior and managerial skills of
principals on teacher performance Al-furqan Bagan Besar. Authority. 2(1), 1-13.
Ramlan, P., &; Delicious, R. (2019). Strategic management approach in increasing
student entrepreneurial interest through the student-entrepreneurship creativity
program (PMK-K). Moderate: Scientific Journal of Government Science, 5(3), 240-
250.
Muhammad Najmu Tsaqib, Muhamad Nasir
365
Rizan, J., &; Utama, L. (2020). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Skills, Market Orientation
and Sales Orientation on MSME Business Performance. Journal of Managerial and
Entrepreneurship. 2(4), 961-968.
Rizky, F. A., et al. (2023). The influence of entrepreneurial knowledge, product quality,
and entrepreneurial skills on the success of chili traders PD Jaya Pasar Induk
Kramatjati East Jakarta. Journal of Ikrath-ekonomika. 6(2), 182-190.
Sanawiri, B., &; Iqbal, M. (2018). Entrepreneurship. Universitas Brawijaya Press.
Sanjaya, I. P. (2016). The importance of leadership and managerial ability to improve the
quality of educational institutions. Journal of Quality Assurance. 2(2), 127-138.
Sudirman, Damirah, &; Budiono, I. (2018). Development of entrepreneurial interest in
students of the State Islamic College (STAIN) Parepare. Journal of Shari'ah and
Dictum Law. 16(1), 16-31.
Sugiyanto, &; Ruknan. (2020). The influence of leadership, managerial skills, and
decision-making on employee performance of the Directorate General of ECCE and
Community Education of the Ministry of Education and Culture. Journal of
Educational Lanterns Research Center LPPM UM METRO. 5(1), 37-46.
Sugiyono. (2018). Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Research Methods. Bandung:
Alfabeta.
Suryarini, T. (2009). Technical and reasoning skills of students in teaching accounting in
college. Journal of Accounting Dynamics. 1(1), 41-50
Copyright holders:
Muhammad Najmu Tsaqib, Muhamad Nasir (2023)
First publication right:
AJEMB – American Journal of Economic and Management Business
