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American Journal of Economic and

Management Business

e-ISSN: 2835-5199

Vol. 2 No. 4 April 2023

ANALYSIS OF MUDHARABAH FINANCING ON CUSTOMER

BUSINESS IMPROVEMENT IN 2022 PERIOD

Rudi Hartono, Mamluatun Ni’mah, Cici Widya Prasetyandari

Universitas.Islam Zainul Hasan .Genggong, Probolinggo, Indonesia

Email: UdieyDoremi@gmail.com

Abstract

In the digital era, sharia banking is growing rapidly and has become a reference for the

community in managing funds for various aspects of community needs. In this case, the

public must understand the various products of BSI (Bank Syariah Indonesia), one of

which is applying a mudharabah contract on savings or other products. In this article, the

author wants to discuss the analysis of mudharabah financing on increasing customer

businesses. Then the research method used is descriptive qualitative, namely by observing

and interviewing one of the employees of the Indonesian Islamic Bank (BSI). and fund

owners. In this case, the owner of the fund does not place any restrictions on the customer,

in order to run the type of business that will be managed, the period of time, and the area

of the business does not violate sharia principles and fulfills all aspects and provisions of

the bank.

Keywords: Increasing; Customer Business; Islamic Banking.

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0

International

INTRODUCTION

In the current era, many people are choosing to use financial institutions to support

transaction activities such as trade and the economy, seen from the function of the bank

itself is an institution that facilitates the community and can launch the community in the

payment mechanism. (Bintarto, 2022) A bank is a financial institution that accepts

savings and loans for money, in order to provide public facilities for the public regarding

business finance. in this case explained in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia, a bank

is a form of business entity that facilitates credit and non-credit funding in order to

facilitate the lives of many people (Wiwoho, 2014).

Bank syariah indonesia (BSI) is one of the banks that has a very large impact on

the turnover of a community's business. BSI is a financial institution for the public to

save and borrow money. Bank BSI has become a necessity of life. There are also many

people who want to develop their business but the biggest problem is in the funding

section, so from this the bank can be a way for financial problems and community

business and has a negative side, which is like the usury system commonly called interest.

There is also a public need for banks that carry out their activities in accordance with

sharia principles. (M. Damayanti, 2022)

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One of the existing products bada BSI has different characteristics from other

financial institutions, one of these products is the Mudharabah product. The Mudharabah

is a financing program issued by Bank Syariah Indonesia in an important role for small

entrepreneurs. Mudharabah financing is working capital financing to overcome the

difficulties of the community in developing a business, so this is considered to prevent a

deterioration due to the absence of interest determination that must be paid to the bank.

(Primary, 2022)

Based on the explanation above, the background of the problem can be formulated

as the main problem of discussion, namely: how to develop the business of people who

want to develop their business but the biggest problem is in the fund section (Alshater et

al., 2022)

Benefits of the research: can add knowledge about financing so that we can learn

how the process of community business development, especially in the micro business

section of the community, this research is expected to be a great benefit for the community

so that the community can develop in their business fields (Fianto et al., 2019).

Mudharabah financing is an agreement between two parties where one party

provides capital (shohibul mal) and the other party (mudharib) empowers capital to be

managed so that it gets a percentage finance (Latif, 2020). The bank (shahibul maal)

is obliged to provide 100% funds to customers (mudharib) and mudharib only manages

businesses that have been determined by shahibul maal. And for the distribution / profit

will be divided based on the agreement at the beginning of the contract. Technical

mudharabh financing in Indonesian sharia banks is financing intended to finance

investment, working capital and the provision of profit sharing calculation facilities

using revenue sharing, due to the risks involved in Bear less loss. The income of the

owner of capital depends on the uncertainty of the business and the costs incurred in the

process (Romano et al., 2001).

In Law No. 10 of 1998 concerning amendments to Law No. 7 of 1992 concerning

banking, it is stated that the business activities of Islamic banks are providing financing

or carrying out other activities based on sharia principles, In accordance with the

provisions set by Indonesian sharia banks, financing based on sharia principles is the

provision of money or bills that are equated with it based on an agreement or agreement

between Banks with other parties financed for rewards or proceeds. Islamic banking is

a financial business that prioritizes morals, ethics, honesty, fairness and problems when

compared to financial benefits.

RESEARCH METHODS

This research uses descriptive qualitative (Kim et al., 2017). guana to carry out the

development of science within the scope of financing. This qualitative research is the

result of observations in the field based on the process of observation that we cannot

predict in people's lives. This research is descriptive in the field

In this research program conducted at BSI KCP PROBOLINGGO SOETTA, the

scope of this research discusses the analysis of mudharabah financing for customer

business improvement in 2022, where data collection techniques are by conducting

interviews with one of the staff employees at BSI KCP Probolinggo Soetta. Qualitative

research begins with ideas expressed with research questions, research questions that

will later find data collection methods and how to analyze them. Addition, and

replacement during the process of its analysis,

Rudi Hartono, Mamluatun Ni’mah, Cici Widya Prasetyandari

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The purpose of this study is: to find out the various needs of the community in

developing their business to use mudharabah financing.

Benefits of the research: it can add knowledge about financing so that we can learn

how the process of community business development, especially in the micro business

section of the community, this research is expected to be a great benefit for the community

so that the community can develop in their business fields (Idayu et al., 2021)

The procedure for obtaining the right data in qualitative research is as follows:

a) Researchers limit research to sumsi greetings and characteristics.

b) Researchers use a qualitative approach in their research.

c) Researchers began the study with one focus.

d) Research contains detailed methods, appropriate approaches in data collection, data

analysis, and report writing.

e) Researchers analyzed the data using separation at several levels.

f) Researchers write persuasively, so readers can feel the same experience.

g) Research process with qualitative approach.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Flowchart 1 Mudharabah financing scheme

Complete mudharabah financing

requirements

Application for mudharabah

financing

Analysis and evaluation of

mudharabah financing by

institutions

Decision on financing application

received

Mudharabah financing decision

rejected

Notification of approval of financing

application

Notify the applicant of the refusal of

financing

Mudharabah financing agreement

Realization of easy financing

disbursement

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Based on the results of the research obtained above regarding the general

provisions of the mudharabah financing scheme at BSI KCP Probolinggo Soetta as

follows:

The amount of capital handed over to the customer as the fund manager must be

handed over in cash and can be in the form of money or goods whose value is expressed

in units of money, the results of the management of mudharabah financing capital can

be calculated by, namely:

a. Calculation of project revenue (revenue sharing)

b. Calculation of project profits (profit sharing)

1. The results of the business are divided according to the agreement in the contract,

at each month or time that has been agreed. The Bank as the capital owner bears all

losses except due to negligence and irregularities on the part of the customer, such as

misuse of funds,

2. The Bank has the right to supervise the work but has no right to interfere with the

customer's work/business affairs. If the customer defaults intentionally, for example

not wanting to pay obligations or delaying payment of obligations, then he can be

subject to administrative sanctions.

Understanding Mudharabah

The mudharabah financing has enormous benefits for the community. The benefits of the

mudharabah can help the community or MSMEs can use this financing to add to the community

for their business capital, and which is clearly not with very large interest, mudharabah financing

is a distribution of funds to the community based on an agreement, using a profit-sharing method

that has been agreed upon by both parties. Related to the financing, researchers will discuss the

analysis of mudharabah financing for increasing community business. (Fadhila, 2015)

In general, Mudharabah is divided into two parts, first is mudharabah muqayyadah, is a

mudharabah contract in which the shahibul maal or fund owner limits the types of business of the

customer. While the second division, is mudharabah muthlaqah, is a contract that is applied to

fund owners and customers, and fund owners do not limit the specifications of any type of

business. (Sari, 2021)

The current mudharabah financing mechanism is very different from the financing

procedure in the past. The concept of mudharabah financing is currently not only spurred by the

installment mechanism on the main capital payments provided by the bank to the manager. And

for the payment mechanism regarding profit sharing, which is done only once at the end of the

period.

At bank bsi, especially Bsi Kcp Probolinggo Sowetta, the marketing strategy used

prioritizes customer comfort and trust in the services provided to customers so that both parties

also benefit from this mudharabah financing.

Concept Mudharabah

Along with the current times, the provisions of the contract have also undergone

reforms, the mudharabah contract is an agreement only carried out with one type, it can be seen

from the form of cooperation that cannot be combined with other types of contracts, but the

concept that exists today, mudharabah has the advantage of being combined with other

contracts, such as murabahah or musyarokah contracts, With the merger of these contracts, it

aims to be able to create equality, in this case in order to meet the needs of the community to get

good bank services.

It cannot be seen from the cooperation alone, but also the development and also the

concept of mudharabah that is applied today, because it can affect the installment mechanism

carried out by the manager related to the financing received. In this concept, it is explained that

the application for the payment of principal capital can only be made once at the end of the

contract. (Prabowo, 2009)

Pillars of Mudharabah contract

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115

Types of mudharabah contracts

As explained earlier, the concept of mudharabah in banks has now entered a fairly rapid

development. The concept of its application when the development has been used to facilitate

the needs of the community as a whole, in this case mudharabah has two types of contracts that

can be used, namely as follows:

1. Mudharabah mutlaqah

Mudharabah mutlaqah, is a mudharabah contract whose understanding of the contract

is a contract that spurs on the owner of the fund, in order not to determine the type of business

that will be built by the fund manager. Based on the agreement from the beginning that has

been mutually agreed, the mudharabah mutlaqah contract, a valid contract in cooperation.

2. Mudharabah muqayyadah

Mudharabah muqayyadah, is a contract that explains the cooperation agreement,

which has been determined by the owner of capital. The agreement is a contract that can

regulate the role of capital owners to be able to take advantage of their type of business.

Akad mudharabah muqayyadah is also set for the needs of financial managers through

Islamic banks.

The pillars of determining mudharabah are as follows:

a. Shigat (ijab and qabul)

b. Two parties who will perform the contract

c. Possessions

d. Work

e. Advantage

The legal terms of the contract of mudhrabah menurut sayyid sidiq are as follows:

a. The capital to be provided must be in the form of cash.

b. Customers who make contracts, are able to do tasharruf,

c. Capital can be clearly known, so that it can be distinguished between trading capital and

profits.

d. The advantage that will be obtained by the manager is that it must be a real percentage.

e. Doing ijab and qabul to investors, if in the future there is a profit, it will be divided into

two.

f. Fund owners do not enter into contracts with fund managers in certain countries. (Sari,

2021)

Implementation of the implementation of the mudharabah agreement for the customer's

business

The implementation of the mudharabah contract in Indonesian Islamic banks, there are

changes when viewed from the concept of mudharabah in the past, the concept of the current

mudharabah contract can be combined with other contracts, such as murabahah contracts, changes

that exist today can adjust to the needs of today's society. The concept of mudharabah currently

has the application of installments in the payment of the principal capital that has been managed,

( sekar kirana Damayanti, 2022). The requirements for prospective mudharabah customers at

Bank Syariah Indonesia (Bsi) are:

1. Fulfill keriteria as a customer of Islamic banks.

2. Prospective customers must have a current account (bank bsi)

3. The business of prospective customers can comply with sharia principles that do not deviate

from sharia teachings.

4. Prospective customers can complete the requirements and attach documents to the bank.

5. Prospective customers of Islamic banks have at least run their business 2 years before

becoming mudharabah customers.

To get mudharabah financing at BSI KCP Probolinggo Soetta, you must go through the

following procedures:

1. Apply for mudharabah financing and fill out the financing form provided by the bank, as well

as prepare the requirements that have been determined by the bank.

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2. Regarding the information requirements contained in the financing form, it will be checked by

the bank, if there is a lack of information or requirements, the bank will ask for the lack data

to prospective customers.

3. Conduct interviews with prospective customers, regarding the purpose and purpose of

financing mudharabah. ( sekar kirana Damayanti, 2022)

The following is the impact of mudharabah financing on improving the customer's business

or economy as follows:

1. Mudharabah financing can help customers' efforts, in mudharabah financing has family values,

2. Mudharabah financing contributes to a fair income.

3. Mudharabah financing can empower community businesses productively in the Probolinggo

area.

The purpose of financing carried out by Islamic banks, in order to increase community

business, to provide funds for community business management, can increase productivity and

can be a distribution of community income. (Huda, 2020)

Mudharabah Financing Analysis

Mudharabah financing is a cooperation based on the principle of profit sharing between

two parties where all capital is provided by one party and managed by the other. Mudharabah

is a partnership agreement based on the principle of profit sharing on the one hand providing

capital to the other party for the business and its managers and both parties share the profits or

bear losses simultaneously in accordance with the profits obtained from customers. The

mudharabah contract has pillars and conditions, namely the owner of funds and fund managers,

ijab qabul in the contract, capital and profit sharing carried out deliberately. Mudharabah

financing makes profits increase from the results of financing guided by the rules applied by

Islamic sharia. Income from financing will affect the income of Islamic banks that have

channeled funds from the public and to the community. Financing distributed to customers will

indirectly bring various risks. Risk in financing is usually referred to as net perfoming

financing. The impact of mudharabah financing on the community is as follows:

1. Improve the quality of human resources and managers to become professionals, and

trustees so that they are more intact and resilient in fighting and trying to face global

challenges.

2. Organize and mobilize funds so that funds owned by the community can be optimally

useful inside and outside the organization for the benefit of the community.

3. Develop community employment opportunities.

4. Strengthening and improving the quality of business and market products of society,

strengthening and improving the quality of community economic institutions.

In addition, the existence of mudharabah financing can help the community to drive the

economy and social of many communities and become the spearhead of implementing the Islamic

economic system. It also became a link between the aghnia (rich) and the du'afa (poor)

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of existing research at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI KCP

Probolinggo Soetta) it can be concluded that the financing used to improve the customer's

business is mudharabah, as seen from the work strategy in the mudharabah, that is, the

owner of the fund does not provide restrictions or provisions regarding the development

of the customer's business, as long as it does not conflict with sharia principles. With the

mudharabah contract can change MSMEs in Probolinggo, financing using a mudharabah

contract can help preserve community income. Mudharabah financing can encourage the

improvement of community business, therefore, in mudharabah there is family value.

There are also people who want to develop their business but the biggest problem is in

the fund section, so that's where mudharabah can be one way for the community to

develop their business.

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Mudharabah financing procedure at Indonesian sharia banks (bsi kcp probolinggo

soetta) Application for customer financing by filling out a form and including

requirements, the initial filling is accompanied and analyzed by AO, based on the results

of the analysis carried out by AO will be carried out Committee, which functions to

decide whether financing will be in ACC or not. If the financing is approved, the

administrative employee makes SP3 (letter affirming the provision of financing), and

makes a contract, after the disbursement process AO monitors the customer. The

monitoring is in the form of supervision and guidance on customers in making

installments to repayment.

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Rudi Hartono, Mamluatun Ni’mah, Cici Widya Prasetyandari (2023)

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AJEMB – American Journal of Economic and Management Business