American Journal of Economic and Management
Business
p-ISSN: XXXX-XXXX
�e-ISSN: 2835-5199
Vol.
3 No. 12 December 2024
Development of
Halal Tourism: Analysis of Determining Factors and its Impact on the Global
Economy �
1,2,3,4,5Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Emails: [email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
Halal tourism
has emerged as a significant contributor to global economic growth, addressing
the unique needs of Muslim travelers while fostering sustainable development.
This study aims to explore the key determinants influencing Muslim tourists'
satisfaction and loyalty, as well as the economic impacts of halal tourism.
Utilizing a systematic literature review approach guided by PRISMA 2020, 17
relevant studies published between 2019 and 2024 were analyzed. The review
included studies from diverse geographical contexts, focusing on determinants
such as CHSE (Cleanliness, Health, Safety, and Environment), service quality, accessibility,
and faith-based marketing. The results indicate that these determinants play a
pivotal role in shaping Muslim tourists' experiences, with CHSE implementation
and culturally aligned services enhancing satisfaction and revisit intentions.
Furthermore, halal tourism contributes significantly to economic outcomes,
including GDP growth, job creation, and market diversification, particularly in
countries like Indonesia and Malaysia. However, regional disparities in
research highlight the need for broader representation and exploration of
underrepresented areas. This study underscores the importance of strategic
collaboration among policymakers, destination managers, and service providers
to optimize the potential of halal tourism. By addressing research gaps, such
as the integration of digital technologies and sustainability practices, future
research can further enhance the inclusivity and global impact of this sector.
Ultimately, this study provides a comprehensive framework for advancing halal tourism
as a sustainable and economically viable industry.
Keywords: Halal Tourism, Muslim Tourist
Satisfaction, Economic Impact, CHSE Implementation
INTRODUCTION
Halal tourism
has emerged as one of the fastest-growing segments in the global tourism
industry, fueled by the increasing Muslim population and their awareness of
halal travel needs. According to the Global Muslim Travel Index (GMTI), the
number of Muslim travellers is projected to reach 230 million by 2026,
contributing a significant USD 300 billion to the global economy. This growth
is primarily driven by young, educated Muslims with rising disposable incomes
who are increasingly motivated to explore international travel destinations
Several
economic and logistical factors significantly influence the preferences of
Muslim travelers. Variables such as gross domestic product (GDP), population
size, and exchange rates play a pivotal role in shaping the demand for halal
tourism
Market trends
reveal that the expenditure of Muslim travellers continues to increase,
accounting for over 13% of global tourism spending as of 2020 (Rashid et al.,
2020). In this evolving market, new destinations are adopting strategies to
position themselves as Muslim-friendly, offering services and facilities that
cater to the unique requirements of this growing segment
However,
developing halal tourism comes with its own set of challenges. One of the
primary obstacles is the lack of standardized global certification for halal
services, which creates uncertainties for Muslim travellers navigating
international destinations. In addition, many locations still struggle to
provide adequate infrastructure, such as halal-certified restaurants and prayer
facilities, which are essential for Muslim travellers. Sustainability also
presents a challenge, as the rapid growth of halal tourism must balance
economic gains with environmental and social considerations. Integrating
Islamic values with sustainable tourism practices has been identified as a
crucial step to ensure long-term benefits for all stakeholders
In conclusion,
halal tourism represents a promising opportunity to drive global economic
growth while fostering inclusivity and sustainability. The success of this
sector depends on the ability of destinations to understand and meet the unique
needs of Muslim travellers while maintaining high service standards.
Collaborative efforts between governments, industry players, and local
communities will be essential to build a robust and sustainable halal tourism
ecosystem that benefits both tourists and host countries alike
Halal tourism
holds immense potential as a strategic economic sector, with its contribution
projected to reach USD 300 billion globally by 2026. However, this sector faces
several critical challenges that hinder its growth and competitiveness. One
major issue is the absence of standardized global halal certification, which
creates uncertainty for Muslim travellers in identifying destinations that
fully adhere to Islamic principles. Additionally, the limited availability of
halal-friendly facilities, such as prayer rooms, halal-certified restaurants,
and Muslim-friendly accommodations, poses a significant barrier to meeting the
expectations of Muslim tourists in both Muslim-majority and non-Muslim
countries
The objectives
of this study are to identify the key factors influencing Muslim tourists'
satisfaction and loyalty to halal tourism and to analyze the economic impact of
halal tourism development on global economic growth. To address the stated
objectives, this study is guided by the following research questions: What are
the key factors that influence Muslim tourists� satisfaction and loyalty in
halal tourism destinations?
This study
offers a novel perspective by connecting Muslim tourists' satisfaction and
loyalty with the global economic impact of halal tourism. Unlike previous
studies that often focus on isolated aspects of halal tourism, this research
integrates analyses of halal-friendly facilities, Islamic services, and
tourists� overall experiences to provide a holistic understanding of the
sector's potential. By employing a data-driven approach, the study aims to
bridge the existing knowledge gap and provide actionable insights for
policymakers and industry stakeholders to enhance the competitiveness and
sustainability of halal tourism destinations.
The research
offers a unique contribution by examining the holistic interplay of
halal-friendly facilities, Islamic services, and overall tourist experiences.
Unlike previous studies, which often focus on isolated aspects of halal
tourism, this study integrates these elements to provide a comprehensive
framework for understanding the sector�s potential. By employing a data-driven
approach, the study bridges the existing knowledge gap, delivering actionable
insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders. This unique perspective
not only enhances the understanding of the economic impact of halal tourism but
also informs strategies to address the sector�s challenges, such as
certification standardization and infrastructure development. Ultimately, this
research contributes to building a robust and sustainable halal tourism
ecosystem that benefits both tourists and host destinations.
RESEARCH METHODS
This study follows the
PRISMA 2020 guidelines to ensure a systematic and transparent approach in
identifying, screening, and including relevant literature for review. The methodology
was carefully designed to capture a comprehensive understanding of the topic
while adhering to rigorous academic standards. The process includes four key
phases: identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion, as depicted in
the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram (Fig. 1), which uses a template from Page et al.
(2021),
The search process began
by constructing a search string to ensure the retrieval of relevant studies.
This search was conducted across seven academic databases, including IEEE,
Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, ACM Digital Library, Scopus, Google Scholar,
and Emerald, yielding a total of 7,784 documents. Specifically, the database
breakdown is as follows: IEEE contributed 10 documents, Taylor & Francis 65
documents, ScienceDirect 355 documents, ACM Digital Library 4 documents, Scopus
20 documents, Google Scholar 7,330 documents, and Emerald 779 documents. These
databases were selected to balance academic rigor with broader coverage,
ensuring the inclusion of high-quality sources from platforms like Scopus and
IEEE while also considering general sources such as Google Scholar to minimize
potential quality bias.
To address missing
articles, documentation services were utilized, including institutional library
tools and direct correspondence with authors when necessary, ensuring access to
as many relevant studies as possible. Duplicate records were first removed,
reducing the total number of documents by 355. A timeline filter was then
applied, restricting the search to studies published between 2019 and 2024.
This timeframe was chosen because it represents the most recent and relevant
research developments in the field, while studies prior to 2019 were considered
less relevant due to outdated contexts or methodologies. This step excluded an
additional 2,090 records, leaving 5,339 records for title and abstract
screening.
During the screening
phase, a detailed assessment of article relevance was conducted based on
predefined inclusion criteria. Articles were evaluated for their alignment with
the study's focus on halal tourism determinants, such as CHSE implementation,
traveller satisfaction, or economic impacts. This resulted in the exclusion of
5,200 articles that did not meet the relevance criteria, leaving 139 articles
for retrieval.
Among these, 20 articles
could not be accessed due to availability issues despite efforts to use
documentation services, leaving 119 articles for detailed eligibility
assessment. The eligibility phase involved a rigorous examination of the
remaining articles to ensure compliance with the study's inclusion and
exclusion criteria. Articles that were non-final publications, non-English
studies, or lacked relevance to the core focus of halal tourism were excluded.
Ultimately, 102 articles
were excluded during this phase, leaving 17 articles deemed highly relevant and
included in the review. These articles, all published between 2019 and 2024,
provide a robust foundation for analyzing halal tourism determinants and their
economic impacts. The systematic process is visually summarized in the PRISMA
2020 flow diagram (Fig. 1), which highlights the filtering stages and the
rigorous criteria applied at each phase. By adhering to these methods, the
study ensures reliability and validity in its selection process, providing a
strong basis for the systematic literature review.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the
findings from the systematic literature review and provides a comprehensive
discussion addressing the research objectives and questions. The results are
organized to first highlight the characteristics of the included studies,
followed by an in-depth analysis of the determinants influencing Muslim
tourists� satisfaction and loyalty, as well as the economic impacts of halal
tourism. Each section is structured to synthesize the findings while connecting
them to broader implications in the context of halal tourism development. The
discussion further integrates insights from the selected articles, offering
critical interpretations and practical recommendations to advance the
understanding and growth of halal tourism globally.
Characteristics of Included Studies
The systematic review
identified 17 studies that met the inclusion criteria, representing a diverse
range of topics, methodologies, and geographical focuses. These studies,
selected through the PRISMA process, provide a robust foundation for analyzing
the determinants and economic impacts of halal tourism. The selected articles
cover themes such as CHSE (Cleanliness, Health, Safety, and Environment)
implementation, tourist satisfaction and loyalty, accessibility, faith-based
marketing, and economic contributions to halal tourism. The details of these
studies, including their authors, publication year, research focus,
methodology, and key findings, are summarized in Table 2. This table serves to
provide an overview of the characteristics of the included studies, offering
insights into the scope and diversity of the reviewed literature.
Table 1. Characteristics
and Key Determinants of Halal Tourism Studies
|
No |
Author(s) and Year |
Study Location |
Study Objective/Focus |
Methodology |
Key Findings |
Relevance to Halal Tourism |
Key Determinants or Themes |
|
1 |
(Peristiwo,
2020b) |
Indonesia and Malaysia |
To analyze the potential of Indonesia and Malaysia
in the halal tourism industry. |
Qualitative analysis using literature review |
Highlighted opportunities
and challenges in establishing halal tourism as a significant contributor to
economic growth. |
Explores strategies for positioning Indonesia
and Malaysia as global leaders in halal tourism. |
Economic growth, policy alignment |
|
2 |
(Sudarsono
et al., 2021a) |
Indonesia |
To explore the impact of religiosity and
knowledge on the intention of young Muslims to engage in halal tourism. |
Purposive sampling survey of young Muslims in
27 provinces |
Found that religiosity and knowledge significantly influence attitudes
and intentions towards halal tourism destinations. |
Addresses how cultural and religious factors
shape preferences for halal tourism. |
Religiosity, knowledge |
|
3 |
(Amalia
et al., 2024a) |
Indonesia |
To develop a sustainable strategy for halal
tourism focusing on innovation and environmental concern. |
Quantitative study with PLS-SEM on 442 inbound
tourists |
Innovation and environmental concern are critical for sustainable
halal tourism development, enhancing satisfaction. |
Provides insights into sustainability-focused
innovation for enhancing halal tourism experiences. |
Sustainability, innovation |
|
4 |
(Trisnaningtias
et al., 2021a) |
Indonesia |
To assess the influence of product and price
on customer satisfaction in sharia-compliant hotels. |
Quantitative analysis using linear regression
on survey data |
Product quality and fair pricing positively impact customer
satisfaction in halal-compliant hospitality services. |
Highlights the role of pricing and product
quality in shaping customer satisfaction within halal tourism accommodations. |
Product quality, pricing |
|
5 |
(Suhartanto
et al., 2021a) |
Indonesia |
To investigate factors influencing loyalty in
halal tourism, focusing on halal experience and perceived value. |
Survey-based study with PLS-SEM on 522 Muslim
tourists |
Halal experience, perceived quality, and satisfaction significantly
drive loyalty; human interaction had the most impact. |
Focuses on the relationship between tourists�
halal experiences and loyalty, critical for market retention strategies. |
Halal experience, perceived value, loyalty |
|
6 |
(Jia & Chaozhi, 2020a) |
Islamic and Non-Islamic Destinations |
To compare the trends and development
strategies of halal tourism in Islamic vs. non-Islamic destinations. |
Comparative analysis using secondary data and
policy reviews. |
Found significant differences in the development of halal tourism;
non-Islamic destinations focus on economic benefits, while Islamic
destinations also emphasize cultural and religious preservation. |
Highlights how different contexts approach
halal tourism, showcasing the importance of tailored strategies for both
types of destinations. |
Destination strategies, cultural preservation |
|
7 |
(Boğan
et al., 2023a) |
Turkey |
To investigate factors influencing employees'
job pursuit intention in halal hotels, focusing on age and gender as
moderators. |
Quantitative survey method; analysis with
structural equation modeling. |
Age and gender significantly moderate the relationship between
organizational factors (e.g., training, incentives) and job pursuit
intentions, showing varied employee needs in halal contexts. |
Demonstrates the need for inclusive management
strategies in halal tourism to attract and retain talent. |
Workforce management, inclusivity |
|
8 |
(Papastathopoulos
et al., 2020a) |
UAE |
To uncover Muslim tourists' service
preferences and their willingness to pay premium. |
Finite mixture partial least squares (FMPLS)
and importance-performance analysis (IPA). |
Identified critical service attributes for Muslim tourists, including
physical and non-physical Islamic attributes, and their influence on revisit
intentions and premium spending. |
Provides insights into service enhancements
that can boost competitiveness and guest loyalty in halal tourism. |
Service quality, revisit intentions |
|
9 |
(Azam
et al., 2019a) |
Malaysia |
To define halal tourism and explore its role
in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). |
Literature review and secondary data analysis. |
Halal tourism aligns with multiple SDGs, including sustainable
consumption and cultural preservation. Emphasizes the holistic nature of
halal tourism beyond religious contexts. |
Shows how halal tourism integrates with
broader sustainability goals, expanding its appeal to non-Muslim
markets. |
Sustainability, SDG integration |
|
10 |
(Bunakov
et al., 2019) |
Russia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan |
To examine organizational peculiarities of
halal tourism in Muslim republics. |
Mixed methods: bibliographic search, statistical
analysis, expert evaluation, and process optimization. |
Identified key challenges such as infrastructural gaps, local
resistance, and religious considerations. Suggested strategies for improving
the halal tourism ecosystem in Muslim republics. |
Highlights region-specific barriers and
opportunities, enriching the understanding of localized halal tourism
strategies. |
Infrastructure, local barriers, ecosystem
optimization |
|
11 |
(Purwandani & Yusuf, 2024b) |
Indonesia |
Examines localization of halal tourism
policies within local customs, Qanun, and marketing strategies. |
Policy analysis and case studies |
Found significant potential in localizing halal tourism through
integration with local customs and regulations (Qanun). |
Emphasizes cultural alignment in policy
formulation to boost acceptance and effectiveness in halal tourism. |
Localization, policy integration, cultural
alignment |
|
12 |
(Zarkasyi
et al., 2021) |
Indonesia |
Investigates stakeholder awareness and
interest in halal tourism focusing on religiosity and policy relevance. |
Mixed methods: Surveys and interviews |
Highlighted the importance of religiosity and stakeholder interest as
drivers of halal tourism adoption and its perception. |
Addresses religiosity and engagement to
enhance policy acceptance and stakeholder collaboration. |
Religiosity, stakeholder awareness, policy
support |
|
13 |
(Adel
et al., 2021a) |
Global (focus: non-OIC) |
Analyzes halal strategies on official
government tourism websites from non-Islamic countries. |
Content analysis of government websites |
Identified gaps in halal information offered by non-Islamic countries,
with notable successes in countries like New Zealand and Singapore. |
Explores digital marketing efforts by
non-Islamic destinations to attract Muslim tourists. |
Information availability, digital marketing,
halal strategy |
|
14 |
(Vargas-Sanchez
et al., 2020a) |
Indonesia |
Explores perceptions of halal tourism among
Indonesians, focusing on mental constructs and support levels. |
Structured surveys |
Found that perceptions of benefits, barriers, religiosity, and
attractiveness significantly shape support for halal tourism development in
Indonesia. |
Highlights how mental constructs and community
perceptions affect halal tourism policy success. |
Mental constructs, community support,
benefit/barrier assessment |
|
15 |
(Nisha & Cheung, 2022a) |
Global (focus: Asia) |
Investigates the experiences and perceptions
of female Muslim travelers in tourism research, highlighting gendered
aspects. |
Literature review and narrative synthesis |
Highlighted the influence of
Islamic principles and societal norms on female Muslim travelers� tourism
consumption and experiences. |
Sheds light on gender-specific challenges and
opportunities in halal tourism for Muslim women travelers. |
Gender norms, Islamic principles, travel
motivations for Muslim women |
|
16 |
(Yusuf
et al., 2021b) |
Aceh Province, Indonesia |
To identify the determinants of tourists'
intention towards halal tourism in Aceh Province. |
Quantitative; survey with 300 respondents;
multiple linear regression |
Access, communication,
environment, and service are significant determinants of tourists' intention,
with Islamic environment and services being the most dominant factors. |
Highlights the role of Islamic environment and
service quality in shaping perceptions and intention towards halal tourism. |
Access, communication, Islamic environment,
service quality |
|
17 |
(Yulitasari
et al., 2024a) |
Lampung, Indonesia |
To analyze the effect of CHSE implementation
on economic growth potential in halal tourism with interest in returning as a
moderating variable. |
Quantitative; 132 respondents; PLS-SEM |
CHSE implementation
significantly impacts economic growth in halal tourism; interest in returning
moderates this relationship effectively. |
Demonstrates the critical role of CHSE
(Cleanliness, Health, Safety, Environment) protocols in fostering economic
growth and repeat visits in halal tourism. |
CHSE implementation, interest in returning,
economic growth |
Based on
Table 2, the analysis of 17 journals highlights the diverse approaches and
findings in halal tourism research, emphasizing critical determinants such as
CHSE implementation, service quality, accessibility, and Islamic environment.
These studies demonstrate how these factors collectively shape tourist
satisfaction, loyalty, and economic growth potential, offering valuable
insights into the strategic development of sustainable halal tourism. This
synthesis underscores the importance of aligning cultural, operational, and
economic priorities to optimize the sector's global impact.
Determinants
Influencing Muslim Tourists� Satisfaction and Loyalty
The
analysis of the selected 17 studies reveals several key determinants
influencing Muslim tourists' satisfaction and loyalty, which are critical for
the sustainable growth of halal tourism. These determinants include CHSE
(Cleanliness, Health, Safety, and Environment) implementation, accessibility,
faith-based marketing, and service quality. Each of these factors plays a
significant role in shaping the overall experience of Muslim travellers and
their intention to revisit halal tourism destinations. CHSE implementation has
emerged as a critical determinant, particularly in the post-pandemic context,
where travellers are increasingly prioritizing health and safety standards.
Yulitasari et al.
Accessibility
is another determinant frequently highlighted in the reviewed studies.
Accessible destinations, characterized by ease of transportation, visa
policies, and culturally familiar environments, significantly impact tourists'
decision-making processes. Yusuf et al.
Service
quality was consistently identified as a determinant influencing both
satisfaction and revisit intention. Papastathopoulos et al.
When
discussing these findings, it is essential to link them to Research Question 1:
"What are the key factors that influence Muslim tourists� satisfaction and
loyalty in halal tourism destinations?" The reviewed studies collectively
demonstrate that Muslim tourists prioritize destinations that align with their
religious values while also offering high-quality, safe, and accessible
services. These determinants, when effectively implemented, significantly boost
satisfaction and loyalty, as evidenced by multiple studies
A
critical analysis also reveals areas for improvement. For example, while many
studies highlight the importance of service quality and CHSE, fewer address the
role of digital transformation in enhancing these determinants. Adel et al.
Economic
Impacts of Halal Tourism
Halal
tourism has become a powerful contributor to economic growth globally, with its
impact visible in various areas, such as job creation, GDP contributions, and
market potential. Across the studies reviewed, several consistent themes
emerge, highlighting the significant role halal tourism plays in enhancing
economic outcomes in Muslim-majority countries and beyond. Job creation is one
of the most tangible economic impacts of halal tourism. As destinations expand
their halal tourism offerings, there is a growing demand for skilled labor in
the hospitality, service, and management sectors. For instance, Peristiwo
The
contribution to GDP is another pivotal impact. Malaysia�s halal tourism
industry, for example, has been identified as a key economic driver,
contributing significantly to the country�s GDP through both domestic and
international tourism
A
critical factor underpinning these economic contributions is tourist
satisfaction and loyalty. Suhartanto et al.
Addressing
Research Question 2�"How does the development of halal tourism contribute
to global economic growth?"�the reviewed studies provide robust evidence
of its far-reaching economic impact. The ability of halal tourism to generate
employment, increase GDP contributions, and open new market opportunities
underscores its potential as a transformative economic force. Furthermore, the
integration of sustainability principles into halal tourism, as noted by Amalia
et al.
In
conclusion, halal tourism plays a vital role in driving economic growth by
creating jobs, contributing to GDP, and tapping into new market opportunities.
By fostering tourist satisfaction and loyalty, destinations can unlock
sustained economic benefits while simultaneously advancing their development
goals. The integration of cultural, economic, and sustainability considerations
ensures that halal tourism remains a dynamic and impactful sector in the global
economy.
Synthesis
and Insights
This
section integrates the findings of the systematic review with the research
objectives, offering a comprehensive synthesis of key determinants influencing
Muslim tourists' satisfaction and loyalty, as well as the global economic
impacts of halal tourism. It further provides a critical comparison with
broader literature, practical implications for stakeholders, and directions for
future research to advance the understanding and development of halal tourism.
Addressing
the Research Objectives
The
findings from the systematic review align closely with the research objectives,
providing valuable insights into the key determinants influencing Muslim
tourists� satisfaction and loyalty, as well as the global economic impacts of
halal tourism. Firstly, in identifying the key determinants of Muslim tourists�
satisfaction and loyalty, several studies emphasize the importance of aligning
tourism services with Islamic principles and the unique needs of Muslim travellers.
Papastathopoulos et al.
The
implementation of CHSE (Cleanliness, Health, Safety, and Environment) protocols
has emerged as a critical determinant, especially in the wake of the COVID-19
pandemic. Yulitasari et al.
Faith-based
marketing strategies play a crucial role in attracting Muslim tourists and
enhancing their satisfaction. Adel et al.
Secondly,
in analyzing the global economic impacts of halal tourism, the reviewed studies
reveal significant contributions to economic growth, job creation, and market
potential. Azam et al.
In
addition, the localization of halal tourism policies within local customs and
regulations, as explored by Purwandani and Yusuf
Furthermore,
the expansion of halal tourism has implications for the labour market.
Boğan et al.
Comparison
with Broader Literature
This section
critically examines how the findings of the systematic review align with or
diverge from broader literature while identifying trends, gaps, and emerging
opportunities in halal tourism research. Comparing with existing studies
ensures a comprehensive understanding of the sector's determinants and economic
impacts.
The
findings largely align with established literature emphasizing the significance
of service quality, accessibility, and CHSE (Cleanliness, Health, Safety, and
Environment) protocols in influencing Muslim tourists� satisfaction and
loyalty. For instance, broader studies, such as those by Amalia et al.
Emerging
opportunities in halal tourism research include integrating digital tools for
destination marketing, advancing sustainability practices, and tailoring
services for diverse demographics. The growth of halal tourism in
non-Muslim-majority destinations also presents a promising avenue for future
exploration. In conclusion, while the findings align with core themes in the
broader literature, addressing identified gaps, such as digitalization and
niche traveller insights, can propel halal tourism research and practice to new
heights, fostering a more inclusive and innovative industry.
Practical
Implications
The
findings from this study provide actionable insights for key stakeholders in
the halal tourism sector, including policymakers, destination managers, and
service providers, to enhance service quality, improve tourist satisfaction,
and strengthen the economic viability of halal tourism. For policymakers, the
research emphasizes the importance of establishing comprehensive halal tourism
frameworks. These should include robust CHSE (Cleanliness, Health, Safety, and
Environment) standards and clear halal certification processes to build trust
and confidence among Muslim tourists. Policies promoting eco-tourism and
sustainability, as highlighted by Amalia et al.
Destination
managers should focus on integrating faith-based services into their offerings,
such as halal-certified food, prayer facilities, and culturally sensitive staff
training. Investing in accessibility and digital marketing strategies, as
recommended by Adel et al.
Limitations
and Future Research Directions
While
this study provides valuable insights into halal tourism, several limitations
must be acknowledged. First, the scope of the systematic review is confined to
journal articles published between 2019 and 2024, which, although recent, may
exclude earlier foundational studies that could offer additional context. Second,
the geographical focus of the selected studies leans heavily towards Southeast
Asia, particularly Indonesia and Malaysia, potentially limiting the
generalizability of findings to other regions where halal tourism is growing,
such as Europe and the Middle East. This regional bias underscores the need for
a more global perspective in future research. Additionally, there is a
possibility of publication bias, as studies with positive results or those
published in high-impact journals may have been overrepresented, leaving
valuable grey literature unexplored.
Future
research should address these limitations by expanding the scope of analysis to
include a more diverse geographical representation and incorporating various
types of publications, such as government reports and case studies. Emerging
areas also present exciting opportunities for further exploration. For
instance, the role of digital technologies in enhancing halal tourism
experiences, such as the use of AI-driven personalization, mobile applications
for halal service navigation, and blockchain for halal certification, remains
underexplored. Such technologies can play a crucial role in meeting the
evolving needs of Muslim travellers. Moreover, examining niche market segments,
such as female Muslim travellers or the preferences of Gen Z tourists, could
provide deeper insights into underserved demographics. Research into the
economic and cultural implications of integrating sustainability practices into
halal tourism, as highlighted by Amalia et al.
CONCLUSION
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the key determinants
influencing Muslim tourists' satisfaction and loyalty, as well as the economic
impacts of halal tourism. The findings effectively address the research
questions, demonstrating that factors such as CHSE implementation,
accessibility, service quality, and faith-based marketing play critical roles
in shaping the halal tourism experience. By fostering high levels of
satisfaction and loyalty, these determinants contribute significantly to repeat
visits and positive word-of-mouth, which are vital for sustaining growth in
this sector. Additionally, the economic contributions of halal tourism,
including job creation, GDP enhancement, and market diversification, underscore
its role as a transformative force in the global tourism industry.
The research highlights not only the alignment with existing literature but
also identifies emerging opportunities, such as the integration of digital
technologies and sustainability practices. While the study addresses the core
research questions, it also acknowledges limitations related to geographical
focus and publication bias. Future research should expand its scope to include
a broader range of regions and explore niche market segments, such as female
Muslim travelers or Gen Z preferences. By leveraging these insights,
stakeholders can optimize the potential of halal tourism, ensuring its growth
as an inclusive, sustainable, and economically impactful industry.
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Copyright holders:
Gebie Yoga
Efrizal Rizkitama, Nurwahidin, Mulawarman Hannase, Mohammad Izdiyan Muttaqin,
Veithzal Rivai Zainal (2024)
First publication
right:
AJEMB � American
Journal of Economic and Management Business